Abstract
In the past two decades, failed states, the end of the cold war, and the rise of ethnic identity movements have spawned civil wars and humanitarian disasters. Global economic changes have generated new economic disparities and spawned additional forms of poverty in both the developing and the developed worlds. These profound changes raise new issues about the role of the not-for-profit sector in a world where state resources for human services have eroded. The purpose of this article is to identify several new patterns of engagement by international relief and development nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): experimental partnerships with the private sector and new multidirectional, global NGO alliances and networks for both operational response and advocacy.

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