Differential distribution of ferulic acid to the major plasma constituents in relation to its potential as an antioxidant

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Abstract
The hydroxycinnamates, intermediates in the phenylpropanoid synthetic pathway, are effective in enhancing the resistance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation in the order caffeic acid > ferulic acid > p-coumaric acid. It is unclear whether the mode of action of ferulic acid as an antioxidant is based on its activities in the aqueous or the lipophilic phase. Partitioning of 14C-labelled ferulic acid into plasma and its components, LDL and the albumin-rich fractions, has been studied under conditions of maximum aqueous solubility. The majority of ferulic acid associates with the albumin-rich fraction of the plasma, although a proportion is also found to partition between the LDL and aqueous phases; however, ferulic acid does not associate with the lipid portion of the LDL particle, suggesting that it exerts its antioxidant properties from the aqueous phase. This is of particular interest since the results demonstrate that ferulic acid is a more effective antioxidant against LDL oxidation than the hydrophilic antioxidant ascorbic acid.