The Set Point of Glass in Glass‐to‐Metal Sealing

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Abstract
The stress‐relaxation theory of glass was extended to calculate the net strains developed in a glass‐to‐metal seal which, in turn, was used to calculate a set point of glass which can be shown to depend not only on the cooling rates but also, to some extent, on the metal used. The importance of the knowledge of the glass expansion in the transition range is recognized. Calculated net strains reveal that for those glass‐to‐metal sealing operations where rapid cooling is used, the calculated effective differential expansion differs significantly from the conventionally quoted 25° to 300°C value. An empirical equation is proposed to relate the set point primarily to the seal cooling rate.

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