Correlation Detection in a Duovelocity Medium, with Application to Seismic Disturbances

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Abstract
In a medium in which noise and signal propagate with different velocities, a detection scheme making use of the crosscorrelation between the received waveforms at two different locations offers a number of distinct advantages over one making use of ordinary autocorrelation of the received waveform. These advantages arise from the resultant relative shift between the noise and signal autocorrelation functions, allowing for separation of noise and signal when the noise characteristics or statistics are unknown, and even where the processes are nonstationary. Ramifications of the correlation shift are an improvement in signal-to noise ratio (even when noise characteristics are known), and capability for measurement of velocity, signal-source direction, and signal and noise and channel characteristics. With the current interest in detection of underground nuclear explosions, this paper is directed toward detection of seismic disturbances wherein effective use can be made of the multivelocity properties of the medium.

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