Abstract
As part of the [USA] National Exercise and Heart Disease Project, 223 postcoronary men, aged 30-64 yr, were randomly assigned to moderate exercise or control groups. Levels of total plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. At baseline, alcohol intake, weight and skin-fold thickness, but not treadmill work capacity, correlated with triglyceride or HDL cholesterol levels. After 1 yr, no clinically important change in lipid levels was observed in either group. On multiple regression analysis of the combined groups, changes in several independent variables, including work capacity change, were not predictive of changes in lipid levels. Changes in levels of fitness and/or regular exercise did not substantially influence HDL cholesterol or other lipid levels.

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