Different Effects of White and Red Wine on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Gastroesophageal Reflux

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Abstract
Background: White wine and beer induce gastroesophageal reflux (GER). We investigated the effects of white and red wine on lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and GER. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers received 300 ml white wine, red wine, or water together with a standardized meal. The LESP was continuously monitored with a Dent sleeve the 1st h postprandially, and the esophageal pH measured with a glass pH electrode. Results: The LESP was decreased after intake of white wine (median, 14.9 mmHg; range, 5.6-19.5 mmHg) compared with red wine (20.4 mmHg; 13.1-22.3 mmHg; P < 0.05) and tap water (19.5 mmHg; 16.2-29.1 mmHg; P < 0.01). The fraction time esophageal pH P < 0.01 versus white wine, P < 0.05 versus red wine) with a greater fraction time after white wine (13.2; 0.3-58.1) than after red wine (2.3; 0.7-24.4; P < 0.05). The decreased sphincter pressure after white wine was accompanied by a change in the reflux pattern with increased `stress reflux' and the occurrence of `free reflux'. Conclusion: White wine and red wine exert different effects on LESP and GER.