High-T c superconducting films

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Abstract
The present lively interest in superconducting films is largely due to the discovery that thin film growth methods are sometimes capable of forming high critical temperature (Tc) superconducting phases which cannot be prepared by standard bulk methods. In this paper, we review the current state of understanding of how such high-Tc phases are formed as thin films. There is growing evidence that at least two effects are operative in the formation of the various superconductors in question. First, a common factor in most cases is the deliberate or, more often, accidental inclusion of impurities into the forming material. Second, epitaxial growth is involved. The implication of these effects with respect to reproducibility and to the possibility of preparing ultrathin films having enhanced critical current and field properties is discussed in the context of recent data on the Nb–N and the Nb–Ge systems.

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