Choice of base at silent codon site 3 is not selectively neutral in eucaryotic structural genes: It maintains excess short runs of weak and strong hydrogen bonding bases

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Abstract
On the average in the coding sequences of 30 eucaryotic structural genes the weak hydrogen bonding, W, (A or T) or strong hydrogen bonding, S, (C or G) base in codon site 3 was chosen to be unlike its neighbors on both sides up to two sites away. This preference produced the nonrandom excess of runs W and S of length one and two and the defict of long runs observed earlier (Blaisdell 1982). The neighbors in the different codon, 3′ to codon site 3, were as important in determining the choice as were the neighbors 5′ in the same codon. Every amino acid except methionine and tryptophan, of least frequent occurrence, permits choice of W or S. The persistence of this preference could explain the observation that the rate of substitution of codon site 3 in fuctional genes is considerably less than in synonymous pseudo genes.