Gender Differences in Human Sepsis

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Abstract
DESPITE IMPROVEMENT in surgical and critical care management, the prognosis of sepsis and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction remained unchanged during the past decades.1 The common pathway of multiple organ dysfunction is a severe inflammatory reaction resulting from systemic cytokine release.2 In response to the initiating proinflammatory reaction, with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-6 playing the predominant role, the body also mounts an immediate anti-inflammatory response. Among the diverse agents, different interleukins, such as IL-10, have profound anti-inflammatory effects that are suggested to control the proinflammatory reaction.3