cAMP-dependent transcription of steroidogenic genes in the human adrenal cortex requires a dual-specificity phosphatase in addition to protein kinase A

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Abstract
Steroid hormone biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex is controlled by the peptide hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), which acts to increase intracellular cAMP and results in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and subsequent increase in steroidogenic gene transcription. Protein phosphorylation by PKA activates transcription of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes; however the precise proteins which are phosphorylated remain to be determined. We have recently shown that phosphoprotein phosphatase (PP) activity is essential for cAMP-dependent transcription of the human CYP17 (hCYP17) gene in H295R adrenocortical cells. The aim of our current studies was to determine if inhibition of PP activity attenuates cAMP-dependent mRNA expression of other steroidogenic genes in H295R cells. Using various inhibitors of serine/threonine and tyrosine PPs, we examined the role of phosphatase activity on cAMP-dependent transcription of steroidogenic genes in the adrenal cortex. CYP11A, CYP11B1/2, CYP21, and adrenodoxin also require PP activity for cAMP-stimulated gene expression. Inhibition of both serine/threonine and tyrosine PP activities suppresses the cAMP-dependent mRNA expression of several steroidogenic genes, suggesting that a dual-specificity PP is essential for conveying ACTH/cAMP-stimulated transcription. We propose that PKA phosphorylates and activates a dual-specificity phosphatase, which mediates steroidogenic gene transcription in response to ACTH/cAMP.

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