Inelastic Proton Scattering and (p, d) Reactions in Heavy Elements

A previous study of anomalous inelastic scattering is extended to include heavy elements, higher excitation energies of the final nucleus, and deuterons from ($p, d$) reactions. The energy distributions of protons inelastically scattered from each of the principle isotopes of lead and from bismuth are very similar; there are seven relatively well-defined groups with the same energy, cross section, and angular distribution. All elements studied with atomic number above 40 have prominent groups with $E_p-{E_p}^{\prime }\cong 2.5$ Mev. The deuteron energy distributions from ($p, d$) reactions in Bi and Pb isotopes are very similar (five prominent groups with the same energy and similar cross sections) in spite of differing $Q$ values. There are also strong similarities in the deteron spectra from Au and Pt, and from Pd and Ag.