Combined time‐lapse cinematography and immuno‐electron microscopy

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Abstract
A method was developed to record interactions between mobile non‐adherent immunocytes by time‐lapse cinematography and then to study the same cells by immuno‐electron microscopy, using monoclonal antibodies against surface components. For this purpose a modified stage was designed to fit an inverted microscope. The attachment included a device to cool the culture chamber with N2 gas, a micro‐injector for monoclonal antibody and immuno‐gold treatment, and two pairs of washing needles to change the medium without disturbance. The technique was first employed to study the formation of aggregates around the antigen‐presenting cells in cultures containing cells from hyper‐immunized animals. Recently peripheral blood cells from normal subjects and patients with immune deficiency syndromes were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, cluster formation was recorded, and the cells were processed for immuno‐electron microscopy.