Accretion of first Gondwana-derived terranes at the margin of Baltica

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Abstract
In central Europe, three crustal units, i.e. the Małopolska, the Łysogóry and the Bruno-Silesia, can be recognized by basement data, faunas and provenance of clastic material in the Cambrian clastic rocks. They are now situated within the Trans-European Suture Zone, a tectonic collage of continental terranes bordering the Tornquist margin of the palaeocontinent of Baltica, but during the Cambrian their position in relation to each other and to Baltica was different from today. These units are exotic terranes in respect to Baltica and are interpreted as having been derived from the Cadomian margin of Gondwana. Their detachment is probably related to the final break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia at c. 550–590 Ma. New detrital zircon and muscovite age data provide evidence that Małopolska was derived from the segment of the Cadomian orogen that bordered the Amazonian Craton. It must have already separated from Gondwana in Early Cambrian time (some 40–50 Ma before Avalonia became detached and began its rapid drift). The accretion of Małopolska to Baltica occurred between late mid-Cambrian and Tremadocian times. Both palaeontological and provenance evidence demonstrate that Małopolska and not Avalonia was the first terrane to join the Baltica palaeocontinent. This event initiated the progressive crustal growth of the European lithosphere, which continued during Phanerozoic times and led to the formation of modern Europe.