Attainment at Primary Schools: an analysis of variations between schools

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Abstract
This paper uses multi‐level modelling techniques to examine variations in the reading attainment of primary school children in a Scottish education authority. At the individual level, measures of attainment at ages 7 to 8 and 11 to 12 are linked to data on socio‐economic background. Differences between girls and boys decrease with age while socio‐economic effects increase with age. Controlling for the background characteristics of individuals, significant variations between primary schools are detected. These are of a magnitude similar to those observed among secondary schools. However, variations among primary schools do not appear to relate to socio‐economic composition, school size, school location or denominational status. The stability of effects associated with primary schools, and the cumulative effects of schools, require further investigation.

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