Alternative lasers for endoscopic surgery: Comparison of pulsed thulium‐holmium‐chromium:YAG with continuous‐wave neodymium:YAG laser for ablation of colonic mucosa

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Abstract
Precise and controllable tissue vaporization is essential for minimizing risk in removal of sessile polyps from the lumen of thin walled gastrointestinal organs such as the colon. We compared the ablative efficiency on canine colonic mucosa of the THC:YAG laser with the clinically employed cw Nd:YAG laser. Fresh canine colon was treated with a progressive dose schedule using each laser at several enery/power densities. Ablation depth was measured on fresh tissue and thermal (non‐ablation or coagulative) damage examined histologically. The THC:YAG ablation rates were 13.7 ± 0.8 and 10.2 ± 0.4 μm/J at 55 and 85 J/cm2, respectively. The Nd:YAG laser generated 3.7 ± 0.3, 2.8 ± 0.1, and 3.6 ± 0.2 μm/J at 4,460, 5,095, and 5,730 W/cm2, respectively. There was a significant (P< 0.001) difference among the THC:YAG ablation rates and between the THC: YAG and Nd:YAG ablation rates (ANOVA). The THC:YAG laser craters had significantly less collateral thermal damage than Nd:YAG. The pulsed THC:YAG laser should have an important clinical role since its use could reduce the risk of perforation in endoscopic laser procedures such as the removal of sessile polyps.