Extraction of ginger rhizome: kinetic studies with supercritical carbon dioxide

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Abstract
Summary: The rates of extraction of [6]‐gingerol from ground dried Jamaican ginger rhizomes were determined in supercritical carbon dioxide over the pressure range 128–197 bar (1850–2850 psi) and the temperature range 50–65°C. The CO2 densities varied from 0.415 to 0.775 g cm−3. First‐order plots showed two approximately linear sections with an initial intercept. The first linear section corresponded to a relatively fast initial extraction stage while the last 20% or so of the gingerol was extracted in the much slower subsequent stage. Reducing the ginger particle size by a factor of 3 increased the rate constant of the fast stage nine‐fold. Despite the low viscosity of the supercritical fluid, the rate constants of the fast stage were much smaller than in extractions with organic solvents. Only when the CO2 density was increased to 0.775 g cm−3 did the rate constant of the fast stage rise to a value comparable with, but still smaller than, those in organic solvents of similar density. The rate constants of the later slow extraction stage were also somewhat smaller than the corresponding values in organic solvents at 30°C.

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