Rupture of rubber. III. Determination of tear properties

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Abstract
A method of investigating the tear behavior of rubber vulcanizates is described. The method, based on the tear criterion of Rivlin and Thomas, involves the determination of the energy required to propagate a tear and its dependence on the rate of propagation. The type of test‐piece employed and the methods of measuring the energy and rate of tear propagation are described and discussed. Two principal types of tearing, indicative of different tear processes, are described. Experimental results for natural rubber and GR‐S gum vulcanizates, obtained over a wide range of temperature and rate of propagation, are given to illustrate the method. The results indicate that the nature of the tear process and the resistance to tearing, as represented by the energy required to propagate a tear, can change appreciably with the rate of propagation and the temperature. The significance of these changes is discussed.