Transfer of High Seed Protein to High‐Yielding Soybean Cultivars1

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Abstract
An effective breeding strategy is needed for the development of high‐protein, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. This study was conducted to evaluate a backcross strategy for transferring genes for high seed protein from a low‐yielding plant introduction to high‐yielding lines with a average protein content. Pando, a plant introduction with low yield and about 480 g kg−1 of seed protein was crossed to three high‐yielding lines with an average protein content about 400 g kg−1. Selection for high protein was practiced between two generations of backcrossing to the high‐yielding parent. After two backcrosses, 95 random BC2F2‐derived lines from each population were evaluated for seed yield, protein, and oil content in Iowa. None of the BC2F2‐derived lines equaled the protein content of Pando, but an average of 72% of the lines from the three populations had significantly higher protein than the recurrent parent. On average, about 19% of the BC2F2‐derived lines with a protein content significantly different (α = 0.05) from the recurrent parent in seed yield. The results indicated that when a low‐yielding, high‐protein donor parent is utilized. selection for high protein between two backcross generations would effectively increase the seed protein in the backcross progeny above that of the high‐yielding recurrent parent and still result in some progeny having a seed yield not significantly different from that parent.

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