Regulation of proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: Molecular characterization of the put operon, and DNA sequence of the put control region

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Abstract
The two genes required for proline utilization (put) in Salmonella typhimurium form a divergent operon. Extensive genetic evidence suggests that transcription of the put operon is autoregulated by the putA gene product, a membrane-associated dehydrogenase. In order to understand the mechanism of regulation, we characterized plasmid clones of the put operon. A 7.5 kb clone contains both of the put structural genes and regulatory sites. This clone only expressed two unique proteins corresponding to the putA and putP gene products. By comparing the physical and genetic maps of the put operon, the position of the put regulatory region was defined and the DNA sequence of this region was determined. Analysis of the DNA sequence indicated several potential regulatory sites for the put genes. Based on genetic and physical mapping studies, the most likely regulatory sites are two convergent promoters approximately 30 bp apart. A 27 bp palindrome located between the two promoters may be the operator for autoregulation by the PutA protein. The putA translational start site is 40 bp downstream of its putative mRNA start site. The putP promoter and its translational start site are separated by a 400 bp untranslated region.