Prevention of HBV Mother ‐ Infant Transmission

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Abstract
In Japan, the national counterplan for prevention of mother‐infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission with HB vaccine was established in 1985 after 10 years of clinical trials with human hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). The preventing method is based on passive‐active prophylaxis with HBIG and HB vaccine, and only infants from HBe antigen‐positive mothers can receive this administration.We compared the effectiveness of several methods of administration of HBIG and HB vaccine for 1199 infants. The rate of infants who became HBV carrier state was 6% out of all the subjects. The prophylaxis in which infants were injected with HBIG just after delivery and with HB vaccine as soon as possible after birth was superior to the others in protective efficacy. The infants injected just after delivery showed no harmful effects.These results suggest the possibility and necessity of improved administration methods which will reduce the stress for infants and economic burden for their parents.

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