Selective Radiopacity in Cardiovascular Angiography

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Abstract
Selective radiopacity in cardiovascular angiography with particular reference to large vessel angiography was discussed. There is a more than 10-fold reduction in systemic toxicity in the mouse in going from Na iodide to the newer X-ray contrast media. The newer media, Na iothalamate, Na metrizo-ate and Na iodamide are more water soluble than Na dlatrizoate, but no less toxic. A comparison of the acute intravenous toxicity of meglumine diatrizoate and Na diatrizoate alone, and as a mixture of meglumine and Na salts in a ratio of 2:1 in Hypaque-M, 75% and Hypaque-M, 90%, in the mouse, rat and rabbit, indicated less variation in toxicity among these species with the mixtures of the 2 salts than with each alone. Isopaque 440, a balanced ion formulation containing 47% Na metrizoate, 2.5% Ca metrizoate, 0.8% Mg metrizoate and 32% meglumine metrizoate was significantly less toxic than Na metrizoate by intravenous injection in the mouse, rat and rabbit. The radiopaque properties of Isopaque 440 indicate a radiopacity similar to that of Hypaque-M, 90% and Angio-Conray, 80% [Na iothalamate and Na salt of 5-acetamido-2,4,6 triiodo-N-methylisophthalamic acid], a viscosity half that of Hypaque-M, 90% and similar to that of Angio-Conray, 80%, and a systemic toxicity in the mouse, rat and rabbit similar to that of Hypaque-M, 90%, and significantly less than that of Angio-Conray, 80%. With Isopaque 440, it is possible to utilize both the Na and meglumine salts of metrizoic acid with the acid of Ca and Mg salts to formulate a new balanced ion cardiovascular angiographic X-ray contrast solution with high radiopacity, low viscosity and low toxicity for large vessel angiography and angiocardiography.

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