Model of Mercury Vapor Transport from Amalgam Restorations in the Oral Cavity

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Abstract
A model of the oral cavity was used as the basis for a discussion of the conditions prevalent during the transport of mercury vapor from amalgam restorations via the saliva to the gas phase of the oral cavity during respiration or during pumping of air through the mouth. It was found that the mercury diffusion rate through the saliva layer is independent of the air flow rate through the oral cavity. Mercury appears to be transported as atoms both in the agueous phase of saliva and in the gas phase. The majority of the mercury atoms reaching the gas phase appears to originate directly from the surface of the amalgam restorations, passing through the saliva layer, while only a minority oiginates from mercury dissolved in the aqueous phase. The amount of mercury released per unit of time to the gas phase was shown to be independent of the air flow rate during respiration and pumping. Furthermore, the released mercury atoms are distributed partly to the gas phase, from which they are respired to the lungs and the environment, and partly to the saliva and the gastro-intestinal tract, by swallowing.