Analysis of charge-state distributions of heavy ions in carbon foils and gases

Abstract
The charge-state distributions of heavy ions after passing through carbon foils with an energy per nucleon E/M-1, and through gases in the energy domain analysed, i.e. 10-1)or approximately=20 keV amu-1 follow the Gaussian law surprisingly well. Charge-state distributions in carbon foils calculated using either the chi-squared model or the Gaussian model are in better agreement with experimental data than those calculated from the independent-electron model (binomial model).