Podocalyxin-like protein is an E-/L-selectin ligand on colon carcinoma cells: comparative biochemical properties of selectin ligands in host and tumor cells

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Abstract
Selectins facilitate metastasis and tumor cell arrest in the microvasculature by mediating binding of selectin-expressing host cells to ligands on tumor cells. We recently identified CD44 variant isoforms as functional P-, but not E-/L-, selectin ligands on colon carcinoma cells. Furthermore, a ∼180-kDa sialofucosylated glycoprotein(s) mediated selectin binding in CD44-knockdown cells. Using immunoaffinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, we identify podocalyxin-like protein (PCLP) as an alternative selectin ligand. Blot rolling and cell-free flow-based adhesion assays disclose that PCLP on LS174T colon carcinoma cells possesses E-/L-, but not P-, selectin binding activity. The selectin-binding determinants on LS174T PCLP are non-MECA-79-reactive sialofucosylated structures displayed on O-linked glycans, distinct from the MECA-79-reactive O-glycans on PCLP expressed by high endothelial venules, which is an L-selectin ligand. PCLP on CD44-knockdown LS174T cells exhibits higher HECA-452 immunoreactivity than PCLP on wild-type cells, suggesting that PCLP functions as an alternative acceptor for selectin-binding glycans. The enhanced expression of HECA-452 reactivity on PCLP from CD44-knockdown cells correlates with the increased avidity of PCLP for E- but not L-selectin. The novel finding that PCLP is an E-/L-selectin ligand on carcinoma cells offers a unifying perspective on the apparent enhanced metastatic potential associated with tumor cell PCLP overexpression and the role of selectins in metastasis.