The Glaciation of the Black Combe District (Cumberland)

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Abstract
I. Introduction. Black Combe—a long whale-backed ridge of slate rising to a height of 1969 feet—is situated a few miles south of the mouth of Eskdale, and dominates the southward-trending extremity of Cumberland, which is separated from Lancashire by the Duddon valley and estuary. The coast-line of Cumberland, from St. Bees Head to Furness, is in the same latitude, and occupies a somewhat similar position—with the exception of its trend—, as the Cleveland shoulder of Yorkshire. While working upon the solid formations of this area four or five years ago, my attention was diverted to the study of the superficial deposits, dry rock-valleys, and other signs of glacial activity, which presented many problems of great interest. The relations, for example, between the Lake-District Ice and the Irish-Sea Ice are well exhibited, and many of the glacial phenomena of the Isle of Man are here repeated. My thanks are due to Mr. Herbert H. Thomas, Dr. J. E. Marr, Mr. G. Barrow, and Mr. G. W. Lamplugh for valuable suggestions and encouragement; also to Mr. E. L. Guilford, who accompanied me in the field, and placed many of his photographs at my disposal. Between 1869 and 1878 several valuable papers dealing with the drifts of North-West Lancashire and parts of Cumberland were contributed by D. Mackintosh to the Geological Society and the ‘Geological Magazine’ Most of his remarks on the Black Combe district are confined to the distribution of the granitic drift, but he also describes a traverse through the Whicham

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