Elastic and electric constraints in the formation of ferroelectric domains

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Abstract
Domain formation in ferroelectric system is a consequence of energy competition between different energy sources, including domain wall energy and the dipole-dipole interaction energy which are internal, and the electrostatic energy from compensating charges and the elastic interaction energy from boundary constraints which are external. The external contributions give the domain patterns in ferroelectrics some distinct features which are different from those in ferromagnetics and ferroelastics.