Voltage-dependent calcium release in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular muscle as antagonized by magnesium and calcium

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Abstract
An increase in extracellular potassium concentration from 4 to 16 mmol/l caused a decrease in membrane potential from −92 to −59 mV and selectively diminished the earlier of two contraction components of guinea-pig papillary muscles at 0.2 Hz stimulation frequency in the presence of noradrenaline. The influence on the early contraction component had a threshold of 8 mmol/l K+, corresponding to a membrane potential of −77 mV. However, test contractions elicited 800 ms after the 5 s stimulation interval exhibited an unimpaired early component. Since the activator calcium responsible for the early contraction component is derived, in mammalian ventricular muscle, from the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (20), it is assumed that the release site of the reticulum was filled with calcium shortly (800 ms) after a regular contraction, and lost its calcium at 16 mmol/l extracellular K+ during the 5 s stimulation interval. The potassium-induced depolarization determined the rate of calcium leakage during rest from the intracellular store. The depolarization-induced decline of the early contraction component was equally well antagonized by Mg2+ or Ca2+ without influencing the measured transmembrane potential. Both divalent cations shifted the relation between potassium concentration or membrane potential and the strength of the early contraction component to less negative membrane potentials. In order to reduce the early contraction component by 25% in the presence of 9.6 instead of 1.2 mmol/l Mg2+, the potassium concentration had to be increased from 9.6 to 22.0 mmol/l, with a respective decrease in resting membrane potential from −72.6 to −51.1 mV. The antagonistic effect of both divalent cations is thought to result from the neutralization of negative charges outside the sarcolemma with a respective decrease in the outside surface potential.