A subcommittee reviews the experience with cadaveric‐donor renal transplantation of 10 Australian and two New Zealand groups. All patients operated upon from 1964 until October 31, 1970, are included. There were 564 patients. The major reasons for renal failure were glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. Three hundred and eighty‐four (68%) patients survive, 349 (62%) with functioning grafts. Of 57 patients who received secondary grafts, 25 (44%) survive with successful grafts. Patients surviving between one and six years after transplantation number 211, 50% of those who received grafts during this period. Rehabilitation of survivors is generally good. The major reasons for graft failures were rejection and complications of drug therapy; most failures occurred within the early months after transplantation. Only 27 (9%) of 287 grafts which functioned for more than a year failed. It is concluded that the therapeutic value of cadaveric‐donor renal transplantation for end‐stage renal failure is firmly established. However, improved methods of tissue matching and immunosuppression are required to further improve results, and an increase in the number of operations to meet the demand.