Probing Interactions in Fixed and Multilevel Regression: Inferential and Graphical Techniques
Top Cited Papers
- 1 July 2005
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Multivariate Behavioral Research
- Vol. 40 (3) , 373-400
- https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4003_5
Abstract
Many important research hypotheses concern conditional relations in which the effect of one predictor varies with the value of another. Such relations are commonly evaluated as multiplicative interactions and can be tested in both fixed- and random-effects regression. Often, these interactive effects must be further probed to fully explicate the nature of the conditional relation. The most common method for probing interactions is to test simple slopes at specific levels of the predictors. A more general method is the Johnson-Neyman (J-N) technique. This technique is not widely used, however, because it is currently limited to categorical by continuous interactions in fixed-effects regression and has yet to be extended to the broader class of random-effects regression models. The goal of our article is to generalize the J-N technique to allow for tests of a variety of interactions that arise in both fixed- and random-effects regression. We review existing methods for probing interactions, explicate the an...Keywords
This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- Testing Main Effects and Interactions in Latent Curve Analysis.Psychological Methods, 2004
- Further refining the stress-coping model of alcohol involvementAddictive Behaviors, 2003
- Multilevel AnalysisPublished by Taylor & Francis ,2002
- Defining Johnson-Neyman Regions of Significance in the Three-Covariate ANCOVA Using MathematicaJournal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1997
- Identifying regions of significance in ANCOVA problems having non‐homogeneous regressionsBritish Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1995
- The Effects of High School Organization on Dropping Out: An Exploratory InvestigationAmerican Educational Research Journal, 1989
- Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change.Psychological Bulletin, 1987
- The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986
- FIXED‐WIDTH CONFIDENCE INTERVALS IN LINEAR REGRESSION WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE JOHNSON‐NEYMAN TECHNIQUEBritish Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1973
- Confidence Bands in Straight Line RegressionJournal of the American Statistical Association, 1964