The Effect of Punishment of Expectancy to Stutter on the Frequencies of Subsequent Expectancies and Stuttering

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Abstract
Subjects were 12 stutterers who were assigned to experimental, shock-control, and time-control groups in order to investigate the effect of punishment of signaled expectancies to stutter on the frequencies of expectancy and stuttering subsequent to punishment. Electro-shock was contingent on signaled expectancies in the experimental group, but was not contiguous to verbalizations in any group. Frequencies of expectancy and stuttering significantly decreased following punishment of signaled expectancies to stutter.

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