Abstract
This paper considers the ideas of James and John Stuart Mill regarding the agrarian problems of the underdeveloped areas. The broad significance of these ideas is discussed in a first section. In the central section, the way the two Mills analyse and attempt to solve the agrarian issue in backward regions is carefully examined and contrasted with the standard approach of most of their contemporary colleagues. Connections between production relations in agriculture and efficient allocation, capital accumulation and other determinants of development are thus brought to light. Assessing the relevance for today's analysis of the insights offered by the two Mills is the object of the third and last section.

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