Toxicity to House Fly Larvae of Droppings from Chicks Administered Insecticides in Feed, Water, and as Single Oral Dosages1

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Abstract
The toxicity to house fly (Musca domestica L.) larvae of droppings from chicks administered the following 23 insecticides was determined: American Cyanamid 12008 (O,O-diethyl S-isopropylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate), American Cyanamid 18706 (O,O-dimethyl S-(N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), Bayer 22408 (O,O-diethyl O-naphthaloximidophosphorothionate), Bayer 25141 (O,O-diethyl O-p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate), Bayer 29493 (O,O-dimethyl O-[4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate), Co-Ral® (O-(3-chloro-4-methylumbelliferone) O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate), DDVP, Deluav® (2,3-p-dioxauedithiol S,S-bis (O,O-dimeth)l phosphorodithioate)), dicapthon, dimethoate, Dowco 105 (O-methyl O-(4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl) ethylphosphoramidothioate), Dowco 109 (O-(4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl)O-methyl methylphosphoramidothioate), heptachlor, Isolan® (dimethyl 5-(1-isoprop)l-3-methylpyrazolyl) carbamate), Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta [cd] pentalen-2-one), Perthane® (1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-ethylphenyl)ethane), Phosdrin® (l-methoxycarbonyl-1-propen-2-yl dimethyl phosphate), phosphamidon, Pyrolan® (dimethyl 5-(3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolyl) carbamate), Ruelene® (O-4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl O-methyl methylphosphoramidate), Sevin® (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate), Strobane® (a mixture of chlorinated terpenes with about 66% CI (chlorinated α-pinene isomers)), and Bacillus thllringiensis var. tlmringiensis Berliner. Feces collected daily from chicks given single oral dosages of insecticides caused greater than 90% mortality in house fly larvae for varying periods of time as follows: Bayer 22408, 6 days; dicapthon, 5 days; dimethoate, 4 days; Dowco 105, 2 days; Bacillus thuringiensis, 1 day; Co-Ral, 1 day; Dowco 109, 1 day; and Perthane, 1 day. Single oral dosages of American Cyanamid 12008, American Cyanamid 18706, Bayer 25141, Bayer 29493, DDVP, Delnav, heptachlor, Isolan, Kepone, Phosdrin, phosphamidon, Pyrolan, Ruelene, Sevin, and Strobane caused little or no mortality in house fly larvae placed, within 24 hours, in droppings from treated chicks. The insecticide levels in the feed that caused greater than 80% mortality in larvae placed in the manure were: American Cyanamid 12008, 110 p.p.m.; American Cyanamid 18706, 220 p.p.m.; Bayer 22408, 22 p.p.m.; Bayer 25141, 80 p.p.m.; Bayer 29493, 220 p.p.m.; dicapthon, 440 p.p.m.; dimethoate, 44 p.p.m.; and phosphamidon, 440 p.p.m. Somewhat less toxic to the larvae were: DDVP, Delnav, Kepone, and Pyrolan. Of little or no toxicity to the larvae at the highest concentration level tested were: Dowco 105, Dowco 109, Isolan, Perthane, Ruelene, Sevin, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Dimethoate and phosphamidon administered to chicks in the drinking water at 22 and 220 p.p.m., respectively, resulted in greater than 90% mortality in larvae placed in the droppings. Chicks given solutions of 220 p.p.m. Isolan produced droppings which were nontoxic to house fly larvae.

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