Th1 and Th2 cells in the cure and pathogenesis of infectious diseases

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Abstract
CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells mediate distinct cellular and humoral immune responses, which are either protective or deleterious during infection, depending on the nature of the pathogen. This review examines recent insights into how Th1 and Th2 cellular responses are regulated and how they contribute to the cure and pathogenesis of fungal, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. It concentrates on the the involvement of interleukin-12 in an antigen-nonspecific 'innate' immune response and in the subsequent selection of antigen-specific Th1 T-cell responses. Additional topics covered include the controversial role of Th1 and Th2 cells in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, confirmation of a protective function for Th2 cells against infection with intestinal helminths, and new strategies for the therapeutic modulation of Th1 and Th2 T-cell responses during infection or immunization.

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