Mechanics of Saw-Tooth Chip Formation in Metal Cutting

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Abstract
The saw-tooth chip was the last of the major types to be identified. This occurred in 1954 during machining studies of titanium alloys which were then being considered for aerospace applications because of their large strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. This is a type of chip that forms when very hard brittle materials are machined at high speeds and feeds. Since this is an area of machining which will be of increasing interest in the future, particularly in hard turning, it is important that the mechanism and mechanics of this type of chip formation be better understood. At present, there are two theories concerning the basic origin of saw-tooth chips. The first to appear assumed they are of thermal origin while the second assumes they arise due to the periodic development of cracks in the original surface of the work. The thesis presented here is that the root cause for saw-tooth chip formations is cyclic cracking. This is followed by a discussion of extensive experimental data that supports this point of view.