Immunoelectron microscopic localization of calmodulin in guinea pig testis and spermatozoa.

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Abstract
The localization of calmodulin in guinea pig testis and spermatozoa was determined by both immunoperoxidase labeling and immunocolloidal-gold methods on the electron microscopic level. In spermatids, reaction deposits were scattered all over the cytoplasm, but hardly recognized in acrosome vesicle and Golgi complex. In the neck portion of elongated spermatids, anti-calmodulin immunoreactive sites were diffusely localized in cytoplasm, and also recognized along the axial filaments and near the connecting pieces. Mature spermatozoa exhibited the following distinct regions of anti-calmodulin immunoreactive sites; the cytoplasm between plasma and outer acrosomal membranes, between nuclear envelope and inner acrosome membrane, along the axial filaments, and outside of fibrous sheath. These findings suggest that calmodulin may play a role in both acrosome reaction and tail movement.