Behavior of Ferro- or Ferrimagnetic Very Fine Particles

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Abstract
Very fine particles refer here to single-domain particles of such a size that the thermal effect on their magnetization directions is significant. If thermodynamic equilibrium is maintained during a magnetic measurement, these particles may display a quasi-paramagnetic behavior which is usually referred to as superparamagnetism. Observation of this behavior may depend on the apparatus used unless relaxation times are much shorter than the instrumental time constant. If it is assumed that equilibrium is achieved, the expressions for the initial susceptibility characterizing this behavior can be derived for the standard crystalline symmetries. While the result for random particles is well known, only the aligned crystalline cases need be examined. The experiments have been limited to the measurements of a number of random ferrite samples.

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