Reconstruction and structure of electrocardiogram phase portraits

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Abstract
The electrical activity of the heart on the short time range is studied numerically on the base of high-resolution electrocardiograms. We find that the low-amplitude part of the signal is well approximated by a superposition of two time exponents, one of them being complex. This serves as a justification to embed the whole process into a low-dimensional space. A combination of a noise reduction with time delay technique recovers a phase portrait in four-dimensional space. Its fine structure is resolved by projecting into a three-dimensional subspace, where the process resembles a nearly homoclinic motion in a system with a saddle-focus fixed point. A statistical description based on the computation of respective Shannon entropies provides a sharp distinction between healthy persons and patients with high risk for sudden cardiac death. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

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