The K family of Akron, Ohio, consisted of father, mother and six children, E11, R9, J8, B7, M6 and L2 ½. In August 1941 they were well and active. On August 22 the five oldest children were subjected to tonsillectomy; the four oldest also had teeth extracted. On August 31 B7 took sick and became progressively worse. By September 5 the five children who had been operated on were acutely ill; all developed severe bulbar poliomyelitis, and by September 9 three of them had died. Two survived. The father, mother and one child who had not been operated on showed no signs of illness. These facts were reported by Krill and Toomey.1 The association of recent tonsillectomy and the bulbar form of poliomyelitis during prevalences of the disease has been recently summarized by Aycock.2In the present instance, however, the city of Akron (population about 270,000) was relatively