Defining the perceived attributes of travel modes for urban work trips

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Abstract
Whereas psychological‐measurement procedures have been used frequently to enrich the variable set for mode‐choice models, most uses have lacked either methodological rigor or adequate range and definition of concepts (attributes). Here, a rigorous procedure from psychology was applied and defined nine concepts, measured by 68 items. These items were used in a survey of Boston commuters and the results factor‐analyzed to recover eight of the nine original concepts, five of which gave good reliability scores. Subsequently, the item sets were reduced to four for each concept, which increased the reliability of four concepts and decreased slightly that of the other four. The concepts identified are labeled as comfort, convenience, reliability, safety, cost, time, privacy, and opportunity.