Bond Formation By Wood Surface Reactions Part Iv Analysis of Furfuryl Alcohol, Tannin and Maleic Acid Bridging Agents

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Abstract
Solid wood panels (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were bonded with various bridging materials following nitric acid activation. These chemical bridging materials included tannin, furfuryl alcohol and mixtures of the two with and without maleic acid. High shear strengths were achieved with a tannin-furfuryl alcohol-maleic acid mixture (T-F-M) with or without the nitric acid activation. The curing reactions of the bridging material were examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furfuryl alcohol was found to be the most reactive component of the T-F-M. Results from both the bonding work and the DSC analysis showed little effect of open assembly time or pot-life. The furfuryl alcohol appeared to be nitrated by the nitric acid catalyst. The nitrated material apparently degraded at high temperature (180 C) in a violent reaction detected by DSC. While these reactions were not observed with the panels the possibility of violent reactions during pressing must be considered.

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