Transcription and Translation of Proinflammatory Cytokines Following JHMV Infection

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Abstract
Infection with JHMV results in the transcriptional activation of two host cell genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-ip. Analysis of irradiated mice showed that IL-1β mRNA accumulation in the central nervous system was predominantly derived from the mononuclear infiltrate. By contrast, accumulation of TNF-α mRNA was unaffected by immunosuppression, suggesting that resident cells were the source of this cytokine. Infected mice were treated with anti-TNF antibody to determine if TNF-α contributed to either the encephalomyelitis or demyelination associated with JHMV infection. Surprisingly, neither the cellular infiltrate nor demyelination were affected. In vitro analysis showed that IL-1β but not TNF was secreted from JHMV infected macrophages. The absence of TNF secretion is due to a block in translation of the TNF mRNA which accumulates during infection.