CANADIAN ERUCIC ACID OILS: I. REFINING AND BLEACHING

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Abstract
Dark colored commercial erucic acid oils from rapeseed, and from mustard seed screenings (Brassica species), have been subjected to various refining and bleaching treatments. Superfiltrol bleaching clay was superior to Neutrol clay or an unactivated Manitoba bentonite. Lecithin-free, partially alkali refined, and alkali refined oils were bleached readily by heating for 20 min. at 100 °C., as little as 2% clay yielding oils similar in color to commercial table oils. Crude oils could be bleached without preliminary refining treatment if the temperature were raised to 200 °C., though some increase in free fatty acid occurred. With Stanolax as a color standard, relative transmissions at a wave length of 440 mμ were 4.5% for crude rapeseed oil, 5.0% for alkali refined rapeseed oil, and 58, 78, and 91%, respectively, for the alkali refined oil bleached with 1, 2, and 4% Superfiltrol. The behavior of mustard seed oils was closely similar though more bleaching clay was required. For both rape and mustard, spectrophotometric analyses indicated generally similar transmissions for crude, lecithin-free, and partially alkali refined oils in the range from 225 to 500 mμ, while fully alkali refined oils showed reduced transmissions in the triene region (260 to 280 mμ) with slightly increased transmission over the range from 320 to 500 mμ. Bleached oils were characterized by high transmissions in the range above 320 mμ.
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