Sensitive Apparatus For Measurement of Electric Charges on Precipitation

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Abstract
An inductor ring device capable of measuring weak electric charges on precipitation was developed. The electronics of the transducer employs a virtual ground configuration for stability in operation and increased sensitivity and is housed in a case designed for effective field operation. Field experience in nonthunderstorm precipitation has shown the instrument to be capable of measuring charges as low as 2 femtocoulombs (2 × 10−15C). Charge distributions for raindrops were determined for precipitation characteristic of the Pacific Northwest and found to be primarily positive in polarity.

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