Solfataric alteration of rocks at Kilauea Volcano

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Abstract
Solfataric alteration of basaltic lava and vitric-crystal ash at Sulphur Bank and other localities at Kilauea caldera has produced a rock composed largely of opal, with a little kaolin and relict ilmenite and magnetite. The replacement assemblage has approximately the same volume as that of the original rock. Original structures and textures are well-preserved. The alteration resembles that in areas of acid emanations in other volcanic regions. A less common type of alteration yields a mixture of limonite and goethite, with a little kaolin.

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