Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Infants Before and After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

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Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive diseases such as meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia in children. A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in February 2000 and recommended for all children aged 2 to 23 months in the United States.1,2 Since PCV7 introduction, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among US children younger than 2 years has decreased by at least 60%.3,4 Concurrently, rates of IPD in adults have decreased.3,4 These declines suggest that PCV7 vaccination of children aged 2 to 23 months has led to changes in pneumococcal carriage in both the target and nontarget populations.

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