Drumming Behavior of Five Stonefly (Plecoptera) Species from Central and Western North America

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Abstract
Drumming behavior is described for the first time in five North American stonefly species. Males of Taeniopteryx burksi (Taeniopterygidae), Pteronarcella regularis and Pteronarcys princeps (Pteronarcyidae), and Sierraperla cora (Peltoperlidae) produced species-specific monophasic signals with 14 ± 1.1, 6.6 ± 1.0, 7.7 ± 2.0, and 3.0 ± 0.0 beats, respectively. Specificity between P. regularis and P. princeps was in beat (pulse) interval differences of 96 ± 13 and 388 ± 22 ms, respectively. Drumming exchanges of T. burksi and the two pteronarcyids were of the same general pattern as those of other known species in their respective families, whereas S. corn's signals were notably simpler and less variable than those of Soliperla spp. (same family). Hydroperla crosbyi (Perlodidae) males produced a grouped call of seven mode beats in two groupings of three and four beats, respectively. Grouped calls are typical of other known Perlodinae.

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