The value of the liver scan in preoperative screening of patients with malignancies

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Abstract
This study analyzes the value of the liver scan as a preoperative screening procedure for occult liver metastases in patients with melanoma, sarcoma, head and neck carcinoma, and pelvic carcinoma. The records of 566 consecutive patients admitted to the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute between 1969 and 1974 were reviewed and 323 patients were found acceptable for inclusion in the study. In these patients, although the liver scan had an overall accuracy of 95%, the scan identified only 50% of the patients with occult metastases to the liver and did not significantly add to the yield of the other screening procedures. It was useful as an adjuvant to an abnormal routine workup to confirm and localize metastases to the liver. Scans with only non-specific abnormalities were of little help. Liver metastases were not identified in any patients with sarcoma, head and neck cancer, or clinically localized carcinoma of the cervix. Therefore, the liver scan was determined to be an unnecessary part of their screening workup. Patients with recurrent or advanced carcinoma of the cervix and advanced melanoma were found to have an increased incidence of liver metastases. There was a 10% incidence of occult metastases to the liver in patients with melanoma and the incidence increased with advancing clinical stage of disease. Even in this high-risk group of patients the screening liver scan did not significantly add information to that gained by history, physical examination, and blood work.