Cortical, auditory, evoked potentials in response to changes of spectrum and amplitude

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Abstract
The acoustic change complex (ACC) is a scalp-recorded negative–positive voltage swing elicited by a change during an otherwise steady-state sound. The ACC was obtained from eight adults in response to changes of amplitude and/or spectral envelope at the temporal center of a three-formant synthetic vowel lasting 800 ms. In the absence of spectral change, the group mean waveforms showed a clear ACC to amplitude increments of 2 dB or more and decrements of 3 dB or more. In the presence of a change of second formant frequency (from perceived /u/ to perceived /i/), amplitude increments increased the magnitude of the ACC but amplitude decrements had little or no effect. The fact that the just detectable amplitude change is close to the psychoacoustic limits of the auditory system augurs well for the clinical application of the ACC. The failure to find a condition under which the spectrally elicited ACC is diminished by a small change of amplitude supports the conclusion that the observed ACC to a change of spectral envelope reflects some aspect of cortical frequency coding. Taken together, these findings support the potential value of the ACC as an objective index of auditory discrimination capacity.