Orientation of the Entrance in Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Nests

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Abstract
Tawny pipit nests are usually orientated towards east or north. This probably will reduce predation rates and lower temperature in the nest by giving shade during the hottest part of the day. This is supported by temperature measurements in exposed and shaded nests and by experimental exposure of nests. The unpredictability of the weather in temperature regions makes this adaptation less precise since exposed nests are probably being favored in rainy years. Destruction of clutches in exposed nests will cause re-laying and result in a protracted breeding season.

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