Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of proteins in an immobilized pH 4–12 gradient

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Abstract
For checking theoretical two‐dimensional (2‐D) maps derived from sequenced genomes, indicating that nonnegligible amounts of proteins up to pH 12 are to be expected, a wide‐range immobilized pH 4–12 gradient was generated. Depending on the extraction method of sample preparation, proteins with pIs up to pH 12 are detected in a single gel. Highly reproducible protein patterns focused to the steady state with round‐shaped spots up to pH 12 are obtained with the standard protocol originally described in 1988 (Görg et al., Electrophoresis 1988, 9, 531–546).